Introduction
The thyroid is a small but powerful organ that controls your entire metabolism. If it does not function properly, it can have far-reaching consequences for your well-being. Hypothyroidism, medically called hypothyroidism, affects about 5% of the population and often remains undetected for a long time.
What is hypothyroidism?
In hypothyroidism, your thyroid produces too few hormones. These tiny messengers – mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) – are responsible for almost all body functions. They regulate your heartbeat, body temperature, energy metabolism, and even your mood.
When hormone production declines, your entire organism slows down. This can develop gradually and is often mistaken for the normal aging process or stress. That is why it is important to know and take the signs seriously.
Recent studies even show that the prevalence in the USA increased from 9.5% to 11.7% between 2012 and 2019, which underscores the growing importance of this disease.
Recognizing symptoms of hypothyroidism
The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be diverse and usually develop slowly over months or years. Here are the most common signs you should watch out for:
Physical symptoms
Fatigue and lack of energy are among the first and most common complaints. You feel exhausted even after enough sleep and have difficulty getting through the day. This chronic fatigue can significantly impair your quality of life.
Weight gain without an obvious cause is another typical symptom. Despite unchanged eating habits, your weight can increase because the slowed metabolism burns fewer calories.
Sensitivity to cold occurs because your body produces less heat. You feel colder more often than others and need warmer clothing, even at normal temperatures.
Skin and hair changes can also occur. Your skin may become dry and flaky, while your hair becomes thinner and loses its shine. Hair loss is also possible.
Psychological and cognitive symptoms
Difficulty concentrating and forgetfulness can impair your work performance and daily life. Many affected individuals report a "brain fog" that makes clear thinking difficult.
Depressive moods can occur or worsen. Thyroid hormones directly influence the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which are important for your mood.
Lack of drive and reduced motivation can affect all areas of life. Activities that used to bring you joy can seem exhausting.
Other possible symptoms
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Constipation due to slowed bowel activity
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Muscle weakness and joint pain
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Slowed heartbeat
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Hoarse voice
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Swelling in the face or hands
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Irregular menstruation
Causes of hypothyroidism
The development of hypothyroidism can have various causes. Understanding the causes helps with targeted treatment and prevention.
Autoimmune diseases
The Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in industrialized countries. In this autoimmune disease, the body's own immune system attacks the thyroid and gradually destroys the tissue. Current research shows, that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is characterized by the presence of specific antibodies such as thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin and represents a complex autoimmune process. This process can take years and often goes unnoticed.
Iodine deficiency
Iodine deficiency can contribute to the development of hypothyroidism. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. In Germany, iodine deficiency has become less common due to the use of iodized table salt, but it can still occur.
Medication causes
Certain medications can impair thyroid function. These include some heart medications, lithium, and certain cancer therapies. An overdose of thyroid medication in hyperthyroidism can also lead to hypothyroidism.
Diagnosis: How hypothyroidism is determined
The diagnosis of hypothyroidism is mainly made through Blood tests. Various values are measured:
The TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the most important value. An elevated TSH level indicates hypothyroidism, as the pituitary gland tries to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormone.
The free thyroid hormones T3 and T4 show how many active hormones are actually present in the blood. In hypothyroidism, these values are usually decreased.
Antibody tests can help identify Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Elevated antibodies against TPO (thyroperoxidase) or thyroglobulin indicate an autoimmune disease.
Additionally, a Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland provide information about size, structure, and possible nodules.
Treatment options for hypothyroidism
The treatment of hypothyroidism is usually well possible and can lead to a significant improvement in quality of life.
Hormone replacement therapy
The Standard treatment consists of administering artificial thyroid hormone, usually L-thyroxine. This medication replaces the missing hormones and can alleviate or completely eliminate most symptoms.
Finding the right dosage can take time. Regular blood tests help determine the optimal amount. Most people require lifelong therapy.
Nutrition and nutrients
An balanced nutrition can support thyroid function. Especially important are:
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Iodine in appropriate amounts (not too much, not too little)
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Selenium, which is important as an antioxidant for the thyroid
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Zinc and Iron, which are needed for hormone production
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Vitamin D, whose deficiency is associated with thyroid problems
High-quality Nutrador® dietary supplements can help close nutrient gaps and support thyroid function.
Lifestyle adjustments
Stress management is important, as chronic stress can affect thyroid function. Relaxation techniques, sufficient sleep, and regular exercise can have positive effects.
Regular physical activity can help stimulate the slowed metabolism and improve well-being. Even moderate exercise can make a difference.
Prognosis and long-term effects
With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the Prognosis excellent. Most people with hypothyroidism can lead a completely normal life. Studies show, however, that many patients report a reduced quality of life despite normalized thyroid levels, highlighting the importance of individualized and comprehensive treatment.
When should you seek medical help?
You should see a medical professional if you notice several of the described symptoms in yourself, especially if they:
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Last longer than a few weeks
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Worsen or impair your quality of life
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Thyroid diseases are known in your family
Even if you are already being treated for hypothyroidism, regular check-ups are important. Medication dosages can change over time.
Prevention: What you can do yourself
Although not all forms of hypothyroidism can be prevented, there are measures that can promote your thyroid health:
Ensure adequate iodine intake, but avoid overdosing. Use iodized table salt and eat sea fish regularly.
Lead a healthy life with balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep. This supports your entire hormonal system.
Avoid extreme diets or drastic weight changes that can strain your thyroid.
Have your thyroid levels checked regularly, especially if risk factors are present or symptoms occur.
Conclusion: Early detection is key
Hypothyroidism is a well-treatable condition that can usually be fully controlled with timely diagnosis. The symptoms are often nonspecific and develop gradually, which is why many affected individuals remain undiagnosed for a long time.
If you suspect you have hypothyroidism, do not hesitate to seek medical help. A simple blood test can provide clarity and pave the way for effective treatment.
With the right therapy, conscious nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle with appropriate Dietary supplements You can lead an active and fulfilling life despite hypothyroidism. Investing in your health pays off in the long run and can significantly improve your quality of life.
Conclusion
Legal notice regarding health-related claims:
Our information is for general informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Dietary supplements do not replace a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Health-related claims about dietary supplements must comply with the Health Claims Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006 and be approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). If you have health complaints or questions, please consult a doctor.
